Jhelum
The
Jhelum or Jehalam is situated in upper Punjab province of Pakistan.
Its population is around 1 million, of which 31.48% are in the main Jhelum city
and rest in the small villages and touwns of Jhelum District. Jhelum City The
Jhelum City situated on the right bank of the river Jhelum, here crossed by a
bridge
District Jhelum
The district of Jhelum stretches from the river Jhelum almost to
the Indus. Salt is quarried at the Mayo mine in the Salt Range. There are two
coal-mines, the only ones worked in the province, from which the North-Western
railway obtains part of its supply of coal. The chief centre of the salt trade
is Pind Dadan Khan. The district is crossed by the main line of the
North-Western railway, and also traversed along the south by a branch line.
River Jhelum
The river Jhelum is navigable throughout the district, which
forms the south-eastern portion of a rugged Himalayan spur, extending between
the Indus and Jhelum to the borders of the Sind Sagar Doab. Its scenery is very
picturesque, although not of so wild a character as the mountain region of
Rawalpindi to the north, and is lighted up in places by smiling patches of
cultivated valley. The backbone of the district is formed by the Salt Range, a
treble line of parallel hills running in three long forks from east to west
throughout its whole breadth.
The range rises in bold precipices, broken by gorges, clothed
with brushwood and traversed by streams which are at first pure, but soon become
impregnated with the saline matter over which they pass. Between the line of
hills lies a picturesque table-land, in which the beautiful little lake of
Kallar Kahar nestles amongst the minor ridges. North of the Salt Range, the
country extends upwards in an elevated plateau, diversified by countless ravines
and fissures, until it loses itself in tangled masses of Rawalpindi mountains.
In this rugged tract cultivation is rare and difficult, the soil being choked
with saline matter. At the foot of the Salt Range, however, a small strip of
level soil lies along the banks of the Jhelum, and is thickly dotted with
prosperous villages.
The drainage of the district is determined by a low central
watershed running north and south at right angles to the Salt Range. The waters
of the western portion find their way into the Sohan, and finally into the
Indus; those of the opposite slope collect themselves into small torrents, and
empty themselves into the Jhelum.
History of History
The history of Jhelum dates back to the semi-mythical period of
the Mahabaharata. Hindu tradition represents the Salt Range as the refuge of the
five Pandava brothers during the period of their exile, and every salient point
in its scenery is connected with some legend. Modern research has fixed the site
of the conflict between Alexander and Porus as within Jhelum district. After
this event, there were several dynasties and rulers ruled and several phases of
religions passed thru here.
We have little information with regard to the condition of the
Jhelum district specifically until the Muslim conquest brought back literature
and history to Upper India. The Janjuas and Jats, who now hold the Salt Range
and its northern plateau respectively, appear to have been the earliest
inhabitants.
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