Rights of Servants and Subordinates in Islam
Allah Almighty says: “We have apportioned among them their livelihood in the life of this world and have raised some of them above others in ranks, so that some may employ others in their work.” (Surah Az-Zukhruf)
Allah has created a system in this world where, to meet mutual human needs, He has placed different ranks and levels among people. Some become dependent on others, either through service or by fulfilling needs. It is this difference in rank and roles that maintains the balance of the world.
In today's world, this appears in the form of employment and domestic help, while in previous times it included the system of slavery. Islam has presented a moderate and just path regarding these relationships, which the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) practiced himself in dealing with his own servants and slaves.
Rather than allowing oppression or exploitation, Islam has emphasized the humane and fair treatment of those who work under others. In fact, the Prophet (peace be upon him) stressed these rights so strongly that even during his final illness and in the last moments of his life, he advised Muslims to treat their servants well and fulfill their rights.
The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: “They are your brothers whom Allah has placed under your authority. So whoever has a brother under his authority should feed him what he eats, dress him as he dresses, and do not burden them with work beyond their capacity. And if you must give them a difficult task, help them with it.”
In light of this, Islam forbids humiliation or insult of servants. They are to be treated with dignity and compassion. The Prophet (peace be upon him) never beat any servant, nor uttered harsh words. Even when they made mistakes, he forgave them with kindness.
Therefore, in Islam, servants are not mere tools or slaves, but human beings with rights. Employers are reminded again and again to be mindful of their status in the sight of Allah and to treat their subordinates justly. Such is the beauty and balance of the Islamic system of social justice.
May we all adopt the prophetic character in our dealings with those who serve us, and ensure we fulfill their rights with love and justice.
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