Makli – The Largest Muslim Necropolis in the World
Makli, located near Thatta in Sindh, Pakistan, is one of the world’s largest and most historic graveyards. Spread over an area of approximately 10 to 12 kilometers, it is believed to house nearly half a million graves.
This ancient cemetery is the final resting place of scholars, Sufi saints, poets, kings, queens, governors, and religious leaders, making it a deeply spiritual and culturally rich heritage site.
📜 Chronological History of Makli
- 1352 AD: Makli becomes a burial site during the Samma Dynasty.
- 1380 AD: The first notable graves of Sufi saints appear.
- Jam Nizamuddin’s rule (1461–1508): Flourishing period for architecture; his tomb built in 1288 AD (some sources suggest 1509).
- 16th Century: Makli expands with hundreds of new tombs under the Arghun and Tarkhan dynasties.
- 1620–1670 AD: Construction of elaborate mausoleums by Tarkhan rulers like Mirza Jani Baig and others.
- 1700s–1800s: Decline of Thatta and Makli due to change in river course and political importance.
- 1981: Makli is declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
The Mausoleum of Jam Nizamuddin
One of the most beautiful and architecturally significant tombs in Makli belongs to Jam Nizamuddin II, ruler of the Samma Dynasty. His tomb, built in 1288 AD (though some inscriptions suggest 1509), features finely carved stonework and a unique blend of Islamic and Hindu architectural influences.
The Tarkhan Dynasty Section (1620 – 1670 AD)
Near the main entrance of Makli lies the section dedicated to the Tarkhan dynasty, rulers of Thatta in the 16th and 17th centuries. This area includes some of the most artistically detailed tombs and mausoleums.
Mirza Jani Baig
A nobleman and governor, Mirza Jani Baig's tomb is large and richly decorated with floral carvings and calligraphy.
Mirza Tughral Baig
Known for his strength and leadership, his tomb showcases solid sandstone architecture and strong lines.
Mirza Baqi Beg Uzbek
Commander of the Tarkhan army. His mausoleum has colorful tiles and Persian-style inscriptions.
Mirza Isa Khan
High official and architect of several projects. His tomb features minarets and elegant design.
Jan Baba
A spiritual figure with a simple yet serene tomb that attracts local visitors for its peace.
Devan Shurfa Khan
A courtier and advisor to the Tarkhans. His tomb is geometrically perfect and well preserved.
How to Visit Makli
Makli is best explored through a full-day guided tour of Thatta, which includes visits to Shah Jahan Mosque, Keenjhar Lake, and Makli Necropolis.
Recommended Tour: Thatta Day Tour by Travel & Culture
Conclusion
Makli is not just a graveyard – it is a silent city of souls, a rich historical archive under the open sky. Every stone and tomb tells a story of Sindh’s golden past. It is a must-visit site for anyone who wants to witness the grandeur of Islamic heritage in South Asia.
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